The World Health Organization defines stunting in children as impaired growth caused by poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The question thus monitors indigenous peoples’ access to food, nutrition and food security, as well as their right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. The right to adequate and accessible food, and the right to health and access to public health care, are enshrined in core human rights instruments (UDHR, ICESCR).
The indicator is aligned with SDG Indicator 2.2.1, given that stunting in children, i.e. low height-for-age, indicates suboptimal health and nutritional conditions.
Data on this may be available from National Statistical Offices, or from national health authorities.
At the global level data for this SDG indicator (2.2.1) will be compiled by UNICEF.
If available, record the proportion of indigenous children with stunting in the first answer box. If no data is available, please write ‘0’ (zero) in the ‘No data’-box.

The food you eat in your community may be a combination of traditional food items deriving directly from resources available in your lands or territories (cultivated, hunted, gathered), and non-traditional food items, coming from outside of your territory. In the first category - what are the 5 kinds of food items that your people/community eat the most?

This question is asked to get information on changes over the last generation. It is probably easiest to recall how the situation with regards to food was 20 years ago, if you find a good reference point within your community - e.g. by identifying a person who is app. 20 years old now, and asking those who are old enough to remember when he or she was born, what people used to eat then? Was it the same traditional food items listed under question 81, and how important were they?
Response options:
·       Negligible importance – these items were only eaten rarely
·       Minor importance – these items were eaten occasionally, but not often
·       Relative importance – these items were eaten regularly
·       Considerable importance – these items constituted an important part of our food-intake
·       Very high importance – our food-intake was almost exclusively based on these items

Do you still eat these food items regularly - on a weekly basis?
Response options:
·       Negligible importance – these items are only eaten rarely
·       Minor importance – these items are eaten occasionally, but not often
·       Relative importance – these items are eaten regularly
·       Considerable importance – these items constitute an important part of our food-intake
·       Very high importance – our food-intake is almost exclusively based on these items

As in question 82, find a reference point within the community that allows you to collectively remember the situation 20 years ago. Discuss what was eaten then – maybe you need to make a list of the different food items mentioned – and then determine how big a proportion of the food-intake consisted of items you did not harvest, gather, hunt, fish, or otherwise produced, locally.
Response options:
·       Negligible importance – these items were only eaten rarely, or formed a minor part of the food-intake (e.g. only salt and sugar)
·       Minor importance – these items were eaten occasionally, but not often
·       Relative importance – these items were eaten regularly
·       Considerable importance – these items constituted an important part of our food-intake
·       Very high importance – our food-intake was almost exclusively based on these items

This question seeks to weigh the current balance between traditional and non-traditional food items in your overall food-intake. Before selecting your response option, discuss what is eaten on a weekly or monthly basis in the community, then you can assess how much of the food your community/people eat comes from outside of the community (from traders/shops).
Response options:
·       Negligible importance – these items are only eaten rarely, or form a minor part of the food-intake (e.g. only salt and sugar)
·       Minor importance – these items are eaten occasionally, but not often
·       Relative importance – these items are eaten regularly
·       Considerable importance – these items constitute an important part of our food-intake
·       Very high importance – our food-intake is almost exclusively based on these items
·       Relative importance – these items are eaten regularly

Stunting' is the medical term used, when children's growth is significantly lower than the average growth in their age group. If doctors or nurses have diagnosed stunting among children under five years of age in your community, please indicate how many children are affected, according to medical records? If you have not heard doctors or nurses talking about stunting children in your community, you can tick 'no data available'. If doctors and/or nurses say that the growth of children under five in your community is normal, you can tick 'None'.

‘Food insecurity’ is when people do not have adequate access to food. Please use the eight sub-questions below to reflect on the food security situation in your community. By replying to the questions, you describe in more detail whether and how you experience food insecurity in your people/community, in terms that can be understood by authorities and organizations working with food and health issues. For each of the 8 questions, please use the following options to describe the level of insecurity experienced:
·       Never - It has not happened at all
·       Rarely - It has happened a few times
·       Sometimes- It is not uncommon
·       Often - It happens a lot
·       Always – This is always the situation
The eight sub-questions:
·       You were worried you would not have enough food to eat because of a lack of money or other resources
·       You were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food because of a lack of money or other resources - healthy and nutritious food is food you believe is good for you, and that gives your body the energy it needs
·       You ate only a few kinds of food because of a lack of money or other resources – you had to manage with less variety than usual because of a lack of resources
·       You had to skip a meal because there was not enough money or other resources to get food – lack of resources made you skip a meal you would otherwise have eaten
·       You ate less than you thought you should because of a lack of money or other resources
·       Your household ran out of food because of a lack of money or other resources
·       You were hungry but did not eat because there was not enough money or other resources for food
·       You went without eating for a whole day because of a lack of money or other resources
These questions are the ones that international organizations use for all groups of people in all countries. You may have additional information on your own indigenous perspective on the food security situation in your people/community. You can add that in the box below.

This question is a follow-up to question 87 on food insecurity, and its eight sub-questions. If you have answered ‘rarely, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’ or ‘always’ to any of these questions, please go ahead and indicate here how many times this has happened since 2008, and how many months it has been in total.
. To collectively remember the time that has passed since 2008 (including 2008), please identify a common reference point within the collective memory of community members (the birth of a specific child, or some other event that everybody remembers).

This question too is a follow-up to question 87 on food insecurity, and its eight sub-questions. If you have answered ‘rarely, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’ or ‘always’ to any of these questions, please go ahead and give more details here on what caused the food insecurity that your people/community has experienced: Start by recalling the circumstances of the food insecurity-situations identified under the previous questions. What was the overall situation in the community at the time - in terms of the environment (forest, water, weather, etc.), the economy (monetary and other economic resources), the social situation, etc.. Recalling these circumstances, can you pinpoint what, in particular, caused the food insecurity? If yes, please list these reasons.

If your people/community have been displaced or relocated from their traditional lands or territories after 2008, indicate whether they have received
redress (e.g. a court decision ruling reverting the relocation), restitution (e.g. return to their traditional lands) or compensation (e.g. lands of equal quality and legal status). You are given five response options, and will have to assess which option best reflects the situation of your people/community:
• Not at all = The community/people that were displaced did not receive any redress, restitution or compensation.
• To a limited extent = The community/people that were displaced received limited redress, restitution or compensation that only accounted for a minor part of the damage done.
• To some extent= The community/people that were displaced received redress, restitution or compensation that accounted for some of the damage done
• To a considerable extent= The community/people that were displaced received redress, restitution or compensation that accounted for most of the damage done
• Fully = The community/people that were displaced received redress, restitution or compensation to fully account the damage done

Please discuss whether your people / community face any restrictions, or barriers, that undermine their possibility to practice their traditional occupations?
You are given five response options , and will have to assess which option best reflects the situation that your people/community experiences, and tick the relevant box:
·       Not at all = Performing these traditional occupations is not possible or feasible due to extensive restrictions in access to land, resources, or markets.
·       To a limited extent = Traditional occupations can only be performed to a limited extent due to severe restrictions.
·       To some extent= Traditional occupations can be performed to a reasonable extent despite a number of restrictions in access to land, resources, or markets.
·       To a considerable extent= Although minor restrictions exist, traditional occupations are performed to a considerable extent.
·       Fully = Traditional occupations can be performed with no, or almost no restrictions in access to land, resources, or markets.
Please provide additional information on the practice of traditional occupations as you see fit.

This question monitors indigenous peoples’ security in the enjoyment of means of subsistence and development, and their freedom to engage in economic activities, including traditional activities.
Due to a marginalized position in decision-making, and lack of effective control with their means of subsistence and wellbeing in a broader sense, Indigenous peoples have often ended up being victims of development instead of its beneficiaries.
Examples of indigenous peoples' participation in national development and poverty reduction efforts can be found in Rights in Practice.
Data source: Does the national poverty reduction strategy specifically mention that indigenous peoples have been part of the consultations leading to its adoption in a meaningful way?
Please assess the level of involvement using one of the five given answer categories, ranging from ‘Not at all’ to ‘Fully’, or mark the sixth, ‘Not applicable’, if there is no national poverty reduction strategy in your country. Provide additional information in the comment box, as relevant.

This question too monitors indigenous peoples’ security in the enjoyment of means of subsistence and development, and their freedom to engage in economic activities, including traditional activities. Specifically, this question assesses whether appropriate processes are in place to address indigenous peoples’ particular vulnerability to poverty, in line with international human rights law’s provisions on special measures as means to advance effective equality of disadvantaged groups.
Article 21(2) of UNDRIP states that "States shall take effective measures and, where appropriate, special measures to ensure continuing improvement of [indigenous peoples'] economic and social conditions." Indigenous peoples are often in a disadvantaged position, due to lack of recognition and protection of their right as well as inequalities generated through historical processes of discrimination and marginalization. In these cases, special measures are needed that aim to achieve effective equality in order to ensure that indigenous peoples enjoy all human rights, in line with everyone else.
Data source: National poverty reduction strategies and programmes
Please answer ‘Yes’, ‘No’, or ‘Not applicable’ if there is no national poverty reduction strategy or programmes, and provide additional information in the comment box, as relevant.

This question too monitors indigenous peoples’ security in the enjoyment of means of subsistence and development, and their freedom to engage in traditional and other economic activities – with poverty as an indicator of this right not being realized.
Our indicator mirrors the global SDG indicator on poverty (proportion of population living in poverty). Most National Statistical Offices measure incidences of poverty, and if they disaggregate their data by ethnicity or indigenous identifiers in general, they probably also have disaggregated data on the proportion of the indigenous population that lives below the national poverty line. If not, the NHRI or credible human rights NGOs may have the data.
At the global level, data for indicator 1.2.1 will be compiled by the ILO and the World Bank, and will be available online.
If data is available, write the given percentage in the first answer box. If no data is available, mark 0 (zero) in the second answer box. Use the comment box to provide additional observations, as relevant.

This question too monitors indigenous peoples’ security in the enjoyment of means of subsistence and development, here by looking specifically into whether states have taken concrete action to target part of their poverty reduction programmes specifically towards indigenous peoples.
Our indicator is aligned with global SDG indicator 1.a.1, wherefore data generated here can compare the situation of indigenous peoples with that of the general population in their country / at the global level.
Data sources: Government agencies responsible for poverty reduction programmes.
There is no metadata available yet as to how data for this SDG indicator (1.a.1) will be collected at the global level.

Please indicate how many men and women in your community you consider poor? You can either start by discussing what it means to be poor in your community – what are the characteristics? Or, you can start by discussing more specifically who the poor men in your community are?
If it is difficult for the community to estimate which of the answer options (one out of ten, two out of ten, etc.) best captures the situation they describe, the facilitator can calculate which answer comes the closest to the situation the community describes. For ex., if twenty men in a community of a hundred people are considered poor, this equals ‘two out of ten’ in the answer options. Likewise, if twenty out of two hundred men are considered poor, the corresponding answer option is ‘one out of ten’ (20/200 = 1/10).

Please indicate here what it means to be poor in your people/community? A series of characteristics are listed, and you can tick as many boxes as you find relevant – and add your own characteristics too in the box at the bottom.
For each of the answer options listed below, please consider whether this describes the poor men and women in your people/community – and if yes, tick the box:
·       Landlessness
·       Limited access to traditional lands and resources –have the poor lost access to resources they used to get on their traditional territories?
·       Low monetary income
·       No monetary income
·       Illiteracy – are the poor unable to read and write?
·       Low levels of education – have the poor not gone to school, or only gone to school for a few years?
·       Unemployment – do the poor not have paid work?
·       Irregular or under-employment – do the poor have limited or un-stable access to paid work?
·       Food shortage - do the poor lack sufficient food?
·       Malnutrition – are the poor weakened by not getting adequate food?
·       Health problems – are the poor sick or weak?
·       Others – please specify in the box below

To answer this question, you need to know what the national poverty line is. Government agencies dealing with social and economic affairs will be able to provide you with this information. You can also ask your National Statistical Office. Once you know what the national poverty line is, you can estimate how many men and women in your people/community have a lower income than what has been defined as the poverty line. Start by discussing the general economic situation in the community: how much money do people spend on a monthly / weekly basis? What would a daily average expenditure then be? Is that lower than the national poverty line? Now that you can see the community’s situation in relation to the poverty line – can you estimate how many men and women, approximately, have a lower expenditure than what is defined as the poverty line?
The answer options are:
·       None
·       One out of five - 20%
·       Two out of five – 40%
·       Three out of five – 60%
·       More than four out of five (four or more out of five) – 80% or more
·       No data available – tick this if the community is unable to answer.
Please note that the questionnaire asks you to register data on the situation of women and men separately. The facilitator may have to assist the community in translating their assessment into the answer categories. Try to get the community to be as exact as possible, then calculate what answer option best matches the community’s reply.

Article 21(1) of UNDRIP states that: "Indigenous peoples have the right, without discrimination, to the improvement of their economic and social conditions, including, inter alia, in the areas of [...] social security."
Social protection programs are public social assistance schemes aimed at supporting individuals and families coping with economic crisis and shocks throughout the life cycle (from childhood, through adult life and into old age).
Under human rights law, States are legally obligated to establish social protection systems. This duty flows directly from the right to social security, which is articulated most prominently in Article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (Sepúlveda & Nyst, 2012, 20).
The global focus on social protection as a key to poverty reduction gained momentum after the 2012 ILO Social Protection Floor Recommendation (No. 202), and is now universally adopted as part of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development: Goal 1, target 1.3, calls for implementation of nationally appropriate social protection systems, and achieving substantial coverage of the poor and vulnerable by 2030.
Data source: Information on social protection schemes from ministries mandated to implement social protection in the given country. Are the any targeted prohrams for indigenous peoples among the social protection schemes currently being implemented?
Please mark ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, and use the comment box to provide additional information, as relevant.

Please indicate how many people in your community / people have access to, and use, a drinking water source which is ‘safely managed’. A safely managed drinking water service is a basic drinking water source, which is located close to the house, available when needed, and free from contamination from human or animal excrements, chemicals (e.g. from agriculture, or from industrial activities on or near the territory) etc..
The answer options are:
·       None – nobody has access
·       One out of five – a few (20%)
·       Two out of five – a bit less than half (40%)
·       Three out of five – a bit more than half (60%)
·       Four out of five – almost all (80%)
·       Five out of five – everybody (100%)
·       No data available – we cannot answer the question
The facilitator may have to assist the community in translating their assessment into the given answer categories. Try to get the community to be as exact as possible, and calculate which of the response options correspond to the community’s estimate.

Please indicate how many of your people / community use ‘safely managed sanitation services’:, A safely managed sanitation service is a basic sanitation facility at the household level, not shared with other households, where hands can be washed with soap and clean water (human waste is not contaminating the water).
The response options are:
·       None – nobody has access
·       One out of five – a few (20%)
·       Two out of five – a bit less than half (40%)
·       Three out of five – a bit more than half (60%)
·       Four out of five – almost all (80%)
·       Five out of five – everybody (100%)
·       No data available – we cannot answer the question
The facilitator may have to assist the community in translating their assessment into the given answer categories. Try to get the community to be as exact as possible, and calculate which of the response options correspond to the community’s estimate.

Please indicate here whether there is any cooperation between local government authorities and community leaders regarding the management of water and sanitation in your area? By management we refer to identifying needs and priorities, planning and establishment of infrastructure, maintenance, coordination, etc..
The response options are:
·       Not at all
·       To a limited extent
·       To some extent
·       To a considerable extent
·       Fully

Please indicate whether households in your community are reached by the public electricity lines?
The response options are:
·       None – nobody has access
·       One out of five – a few (20%)
·       Two out of five – a bit less than half (40%)
·       Three out of five – a bit more than half (60%)
·       Four out of five – almost all (80%)
·       Five out of five – everybody (100%)
·       No data available – we cannot answer the question
The facilitator may have to assist the community in translating their assessment into the given answer categories. Try to get the community to be as exact as possible, and calculate which of the response options correspond to the community’s estimate.

Please indicate whether your community holds a land title, or any other binding agreement that confirms the recognition of your land rights as specified in the previous question. If so, please provide additional information on this title or agreement.
Please note that this question is only about having or not having a title or agreement (whether this is respected in practice is addressed in other questions).

Please indicate the size of the area covered by the title deed or other binding agreement in hectares.
One hectare is an area of 100 metres x 100 metres = 10’000 square metres.

This question uses a sub-indicator on indigenous peoples’ actual land-ownership to measure states’ legal recognition of indigenous peoples’ land rights (an outcome indicator).
The indicator is aligned with SDG Indicator 5.a.1.a, which monitors the proportion of the ‘total agricultural population’ with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, disaggregated by sex. The metadata for SDG Indicator 5.a.1.a defines ‘agricultural population’ as people whose livelihood depends on land as a productive resource. This definition reflects the dependency on their traditional land, territories and resources most rural indigenous communities have, and the indicator is therefore highly relevant for indigenous communities – and not least for comparing the land-ownership situation of indigenous communities with national averages, once SDG data on this indicator become available.
Data sources: In some countries, data on rural indigenous communities’ landownership might be available from national Statistical Offices, or from government agencies mandated to work with titling of indigenous territories. In other countries, data is not currently available.
If data is available, please enter the proportion of the total indigenous population that has legal title to their land in the first answer box. If no data is available, please write 0 (zero) in the second answer box. Add relevant information in the comment box as you see fit.

This question seeks information about individual, officially recognized land ownership in your community. You are asked to provide information about how many men, women and couples have a title deed or another binding agreement in recognition of their individual land rights. Instead of providing exact numbers of detailed percentages, you have to make a broad estimate:
One out of five = up to 20 % (a few people) have a title deed or another binding agreement in recognition of their individual land rights.
Two out of five = up to 40% (a bit less than half)
Three out of five = up to 60 % (a bit more than half)
Four out of five = up to 80% (most people)
Five out of five = up to 100 % (everybody)
None= 0 %
You can also tick the “no data available”